Life and profession

1948–1962: Childhood

José Rómulo Sosa Ortiz was born on 17 February 1948 in Clavería, Azcapotzalco, Mexico Metropolis.^[9][10][11] His father, José Sosa Esquivel, was an operatic tenor (tenor comprimario) and his mom, Margarita Ortiz, was a classical pianist.^[12] When José confirmed curiosity in singing, they tried to discourage him claiming that it was too tough to achieve success in present enterprise. In that point, his reportedly alcoholic father deserted the household forcing José to work to assist his mom and youthful brother.

1963–1969: Beginnings as singer

On the age of fifteen, his mom gave him his first piano. Moreover working in his teenagers, he discovered to play guitar and sang within the church and in serenades alongside along with his neighborhood mates for extra cash.

In 1967, on the age of 19, José shaped Los Peg, a Mexican band of bossa nova/jazz.^[13] Though they made a number of recordings as a bunch, their songs weren’t profitable.^[13][14] In 1965, beneath the identify of “Pepe Sosa”, pursuing a solo profession inspired by his mom, he recorded the singles “Ma vie” and “El Mundo” with out success. He made a breakthrough along with his creative profession when he was invited to carry out a track for a pal’s sister on her birthday. His pal’s sister was the manager secretary for the managing director of Orfeón Information. He joined his first identify “José” along with his father’s first identify – additionally José – who died of alcoholism.^[15] He signed a contract with RCA Victor and recorded his first album: José José (also called Cuidado). The album featured songs by Rubén Fuentes and Armando Manzanero. It was organized by his former instructor Mario Patrón, who was thought-about the most effective jazz musician of Mexico, and employed Brazilian percussionist Mayuto Correa, who was in Mexico Metropolis enjoying with bossa nova stars João Gilberto, Carlos Lira, Leny Andrade and Tamba Trio. The album’s sound is a mixture of boleros and romantic ballads with a jazz and bossa nova affect. The standard of his debut album garnered reward from critics however didn’t obtain a lot common success.^[16]

1970–1980: “El Triste”, consolidation and Ariola Information

José José performing, c. 1970s

In early 1970 he launched the track “La nave del olvido” which grew to become his first massive hit in Mexico and Latin America,^[16] and recorded his second album: La Nave Del Olvido. José’s massive break got here on 15 March 1970, when he represented Mexico within the worldwide track pageant the II Pageant de la Canción Latina (Latin Tune Pageant II, predecessor of the OTI Pageant) with a efficiency of the track “El Triste”. Though José José completed in third place, his efficiency helped launch his music profession to a wider viewers.^[17]

José José had a number of main hits within the Seventies together with “De Pueblo en Pueblo”, “Hasta Que Vuelvas”, “Déjame Conocerte”, “Sentimientos”, “Paloma”, and “Gavilan o Paloma”.^[1] One track which was performed on the radio, “El Príncipe” (“The Prince”), earned the artist the title “El Príncipe de la Canción” (“The Prince of Songs”) from a DJ.^[18]

In 1973, Frank Sinatra listened to José’s music at Reprise Information and invited him to report a duet and a full album beneath Sinatra’s label. The collaboration was not possible as a result of José’s exclusivity settlement along with his label.^[19]

In 1976, José signed with Ariola Information with Reencuentro being the primary albums to launched beneath the label a yr later.^[18][20]

1980–1989: Worldwide stardom, Secretos and Mexico’s high singer

José José launched a number of profitable albums together with Amor Amor (1980), Romántico (1981), Gracias (1981), Mi Vida. The previous album offered over 1.5 million copies in Latin America.^[21] He recorded the Spanish model of the hit “New York, New York”, as a tribute to pal Frank Sinatra.^[22]

In 1983, José José launched Secretos, by which he collaborated with Manuel Alejandro for the album’s compositions. “Lo Dudo” (“I Doubt It”) and “El Amor Acaba” (“The Love is Over”) have been main hits from the album and Secretos grew to become the bestselling recording in his profession with 4 million copies offered.^[18] Secretos was nominated for Greatest Latin Pop Efficiency within the Grammy Awards of 1985.^[23] Following the discharge of Secretos, José continued the worldwide success. He launched Reflexiones in 1984. The album was written, produced and organized by Rafael Pérez-Botija and offered over 2 million copies worldwide.^[24] Reflexiones grew to become the primary album to achieve number-one on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums in the USA upon its institution in 1985 and was additionally nominated for Greatest Latin Pop Efficiency within the 1986 Grammy Awards.^[25][26]

In 1985, José José collaborated performers comparable to Plácido Domingo, Julio Iglesias, Roberto Carlos, José Luis Rodríguez “El Puma”, Pedro Vargas and Vicente Fernández for the charity single, “Cantaré, cantarás”.^[27] He additionally carried out a duet with Puerto Rican singer José Feliciano on the track “Por Ella” (“For Her”) on Feliciano’s album Ya Soy Tuyo (1985) which was additionally nominated in the identical class on the 1986 Grammy Awards.^[26] The identical yr, José starred in his autobiographic movie Gavilán o Paloma, alongside Christian Bach and the comic Jorge Ortiz de Pinedo.^[28] The next, he launched the album Promesas,^[29] written, produced and organized by Pérez-Botija.^[30] Its most important hits have been “Amantes”, “Me vas a echar de menos”, “Más”, and “Tú me estás volviendo loco”. One of many album’s singles, “Pruébame”, was nominated for Greatest Latin Pop Efficiency on the 1987 Grammy Awards.^[31] Promesas grew to become his second number-one album on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums.^[25] On his subsequent album Siempre Contigo in 1986^[32] he labored with the Spanish producer and guitarist Paco Cepero.^[30] The album produced three singles: “¿Y Quién Puede Ser?”, “Corre y Ve Con Él”, and “Sin Saber”. The previous observe grew to become his first number-one track on the Billboard Scorching Latin Songs chart in the USA.^[33] It was nominated for Greatest Latin Pop Efficiency within the Grammy Awards of 1988 and have become his third number-one album on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums chart.^[25][34]

José José informed journal Selecciones that in 1985 to 1987, he had a private disaster as a result of “my life was happening airplanes, vans, locked in a resort room.”^[35] His daughter was born in 1982 and that roughly balanced his marriage, however after some time he divorced his then spouse.^[35] In the identical yr, he additionally completed his work relation along with his supervisor, who additionally was his brother in regulation.^[35] Throughout this occasions, and his on-going battle with alcoholism, José José recorded his album Soy Así;^[35] it grew to become his fourth number-one album on the Latin Pop Albums chart.^[25] The album included 4 singles: the title observe (grew to become his second number-one track on the Scorching Latin Songs chart), “Mi Hembra”, “Salúdamela Mucho”, and “Vergüenza Me Da Quererte”.^[33] Soy Así was nominated for Greatest Latin Pop Efficiency within the 1989 Grammy Awards.^[36] It was additionally nominated for Pop Album of the 12 months on the 1st Annual Lo Nuestro Awards in the identical yr whereas José José was awarded Pop Male Artist of the 12 months.^[37][38]

José José performed the function of the Mexican singer and composer Álvaro Carrillo within the film Sabor A Mí, co-starring Angelica Aragón.^[39] In 1989, José José launched ¿Qué Es El Amor? and included three singles: “Como Tú”, “Piel de Azucar” and “Él”. “Como Tú” spent ten weeks at number-one on the Scorching Latin Songs chart and acquired a nomination for Pop Tune of the 12 months on the 1990 Lo Nuestro Awards.^[33][40]

1990–1999: “Amnesia”, 40 y 20, rehab and decline

In 1990, Raúl Velasco made a particular TV present to rejoice José’s twenty fifth profession anniversary. The present, broadcast by Televisa, lasted over 5 hours and featured particular company comparable to Armando Manzanero, Libertad Lamarque, Vicente Fernández and Marco Antonio Muñiz.^[41] Later that yr, he launched En las Buenas… y en las Malas with the lead single “Amnesia” reaching number-one on the Scorching Latin Songs chart.^[33] Two years later, he launched 40 y 20 by which the title observe speaks about males who fall in love with ladies which are a lot youthful than them and the response of the society to these conditions.^[1]

By the early Nineteen Nineties, José’s vocals started to deteriorate. It worsened over time and have become evident in his stay performances. His extreme ingesting and unceasing exercise of his profession precipitated his voice to falter.^[42]

In August 1993, to commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of José’s profession, BMG hosted a tribute within the metropolis of Puerto Vallarta. It was known as 30 Años de ser el Príncipe (30 years of being the Prince). The tribute included among the most prestigious artists of Spanish music comparable to Rocío Dúrcal, Camilo Sesto, Armando Manzanero, Marco Antonio Muñiz and Raúl di Blasio. The tribute coincided along with his latest divorce, a critical relapse into alcoholism and a major lack of vocal skills. He gave the impression to be in poor bodily form, too skinny and missing power. Camilo Sesto even took a break in the midst of the presentation to talk phrases of encouragement. The album was not launched till 1994.^[43] At the moment, José suffered the worst stage of alcoholism of his life. Throughout 1993, he retired from the stage and went into rehab. Upon completion of his rehabilitation, he began seasons in locations just like the well-known “Teatro Blanquita” of Mexico Metropolis, and the Gibson Amphitheatre in Los Angeles, amongst others.^[44]

In 1994, José José reunited with Manuel Alejandro and launched the album Grandeza Mexicana. The title observe peaked at quantity 12 on the Scorching Latin Tracks.^[33] He recorded a duet along with his son José Joél within the track “La Fuerza de la Sangre”.^[45] In 1995, he performed the lead function within the film Perdóname Todo, a drama about an alcoholic has-been and the way he tries to outlive towards himself and the music enterprise.^[46] That very same yr, his album “Mujeriego” was launched. It offered greater than 180,000 copies in its first two weeks and reached quantity 12 on the Billboard Latin charts.^[47] The track “Llora Corazón” peaked at quantity 6 on the Scorching Latin Songs and was nominated for Pop Tune of the 12 months within the Lo Nuestro Awards.^[33][48]

In 1996, he carried out a duet with Paul Anka on “Déjame Conocerte (Let me Get to Know You)” from Anka’s Latin album Amigos. In 1997, he carried out on the Bally’s Atlantic Metropolis.^[49] In September 1999, he joined fellow Mexican singers Armando Manzanero, Marco Antonio Muñiz and Argentine pianist Raúl di Blasio for a collection of live shows dubbed “Noche Bohemia” (Bohemian Evening) on the Common Amphitheatre in Los Angeles.^[50]

2000–2012: Vocal issues, TV and Sony BMG idea albums

In 2001, with a deteriorating voice he recorded Tenampa. It was his first studio album with mariachi and the final certainly one of his profession. It was written and produced fully by Juan Gabriel. It acquired poor evaluations and offered solely about 500,000 models.^[51] After that, he retired from recording full-length albums. His vocal issues worsened, affecting not solely his skill to sing, but additionally to talk. In 2003, BMG launched a group of three albums entitled El Principe Con Trio with a few of his best hits recorded between 1969 and 1983, separated from the unique accompaniment, remastered and accompanied by the guitar trio “Los Tres Caballeros”, remodeling them into boleros.^[1]

José José in 2007

Within the mid-2000s, he performed the function of Erasmo Padilla (the daddy of Leticia “Lety” Padilla) in La Fea Más Bella, a profitable Mexican model of the Colombian manufacturing Betty la Fea (tailored within the US as Ugly Betty).^[52] In 2007, he received a TVyNovelas Award for greatest supporting actor for his work in La Fea Más Bella.^[53]

In 2008, José recorded an emotive track known as “Volver a creer” (“Imagine Once more”) with Greek composer Yanni. The track is included on the album Yanni Voices. Yanni acknowledged that he needed to “assist a real legend to satisfy his dream, to sing once more”.^[54] José José was invited by Yanni to sing their track stay on Yanni’s tour in Mexico. He printed his autobiography Esta es mi vida (That is My Life).^[55]

In 2010, he launched José José Ranchero, one other idea album with a few of his best hits, separated from the unique accompaniment, remastered and accompanied with mariachi, giving his classics a conventional Mexican sound.^[56] The identical yr, José launched his personal fragrance, known as merely “José José”, the income from gross sales assist ladies and youngsters sick with HIV/AIDS.^[57]

José was planning a brand new, untitled album, including that it could encompass 9 unreleased tracks and a melody he used to sing in serenades “Que viva mi tristeza”, from songwriter Armando Manzanero.^[58] It was by no means accomplished as a result of his vocal issues. In 2011, he went on the brief Mexican tour “José José y sus amigos” (José José and mates), with singers Dulce, Carlos Cuevas, Celso Piña, and Chamin Correa.^[59]

In 2012, as a celebration for his 50-year profession, José gave a live performance on the Arduous Rock Lodge & On line casino in Miami,^[60] his last stay efficiency.^[61]

Private life

Alcoholism

José stated that he began ingesting on the age of fifteen, when his father (an alcoholic) left residence.^[62] On account of his alcoholism, he developed a cocaine behavior.

He acknowledged that his dependancy was as a result of he “was frail, weak, harmless, ignorant, weak-willed and didn’t know the right way to say no”.^[63] Within the early Seventies, after the success of “El Triste” and lacking a collaboration with Frank Sinatra, he fell into despair and alcoholism, however with assist of his family and friends he managed to cease ingesting for some time. His ongoing battle towards alcoholism continued throughout the Seventies and Nineteen Eighties. He attended AA conferences and stopped ingesting for durations of time, however fell steadily again into the dependancy. After his divorce from Anel in 1991 he reached his lowest level, reportedly declaring that he needed to die ingesting. With the assistance of his mates, household and fellow artists, he determined to go to rehab. He went to the Hazelden clinic in Minnesota for rehab and remained a sober recovering alcoholic.^[16]

Monetary issues

In later years, José made his monetary issues public. Regardless of being probably the most acknowledged Latin artists for many years, his alcoholism precipitated him critical financial loss. His profession declined when he misplaced his vocal skill, stopping earnings from stay performances. He claimed that in his profession he was continuously defrauded by individuals near him, together with his former spouse Anel and her brother.^[64] In November 2008, his spouse suffered a cerebral haemorrhage,^[65] José acknowledged that the medical payments almost precipitated him to go bankrupt.^[66] He informed TV Notas journal that he and his household lived “day after day” and in 2014, he offered his five-million-dollar home in Coral Gables, Florida, and moved to an condominium in Miami.

Well being points

José José in 2017

José José suffered from a extreme case of pneumonia in 1972 and his thoracic diaphragm was paralyzed. The illness nearly ended his profession. He recovered after months of remedy involving respiratory workouts. One in every of his lungs was completely broken.^[16] In 1987, he underwent an operation on the Cedars-Sinai Medical Middle to take away nodes in his vocal fold as a consequence of the extreme use of cortisone earlier than singing, alcohol use, and the dearth of relaxation after lots of his performances. José would endure dire penalties from his downside with alcoholism, as his well being faltered dearly throughout the Nineteen Nineties. He developed diabetes.^{[citation needed]}

The consequences of alcoholism, the abuse of cortisone, and his hiatus hernia not solely affected his skill to sing however to speak, as effectively.^[67] In 2007, he suffered from Bell’s palsy. On account of all these issues, he fought a critical despair. He acknowledged this throughout an interview on the Univision program Don Francisco Presenta…, hosted by Don Francisco.^[68] He struggled with diabetic retinopathy in certainly one of his eyes present process a profitable operation.^[69] In 2012, he underwent surgical procedure as a result of gastritis. In November 2013, he underwent an operation to take away cataracts from certainly one of his eyes.^{[citation needed]}

Relationships, marriages and household

In 1970 he began a relationship with TV hostess, actress, and mannequin Ana Elena Noreña, identified in present enterprise as Anel. That yr they cut up and he married Natalia “Kiki” Herrera Calles, a socialite 20 years older. He separated from Herrera and returned to Anel shortly after. He divorced Herrera in 1975^[16] and married Anel in 1976. They’d two kids: their first-born José Francisco (often called José Joél) who was born in 1975, and their daughter Marysol Estrella, born in 1982.^[16] In 1991 he divorced Anel.^[35] 4 years later, he married Sara “Sarita” Salazar, his third spouse. The identical yr throughout a Latin American tour, his third youngster Sara was born. He lived in Miami, Florida, along with his spouse.^[70]

Sickness and demise

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In March 2017, José José introduced he had been identified with pancreatic most cancers.^[71] On 28 September 2019, though it was not totally confirmed since an post-mortem was not carried out, José José presumably died of the illness on the Homestead hospital in Homestead, Florida at 12:17 p.m., on the age of 71.^{[72][73][74][75]}

His demise shocked Mexico and inside a number of hours grew to become a nationwide trending matter. Numerous personalities, artists, athletes and politicians mourned his demise in social media. President of Mexico Andrés Manuel López Obrador acknowledged that “his voice moved lots of people”, highlighting his collaborations with composer Manuel Alejandro, additionally added that “the most effective homage is to maintain remembering him and listening to his songs”.^[76]

Caravan and float that transported the repatriated stays of the singer in October 2019

On 4 October, a funeral for José was held in Miami which was completely for household and mates^[77] and José was lastly cremated on 8 October. Additionally on 8 October, his demise certificates was revealed and his ashes have been divided; with a portion of his ashes staying in Miami, whereas the rest of his ashes have been flown again to Mexico.^[78]

On 9 October, half of his ashes have been flown again to Mexico Metropolis aboard a Mexican Air Pressure navy aircraft early within the day. A black hearse picked up the gold plated casket bearing his ashes on the airport and drove to town’s downtown the place admirers tossed flowers and waved to the passing car because it made its option to the Palace of Nice Arts. A 3-hour lengthy tribute was held on the Nice Arts Palace deliberate by the Mexican Tradition Ministry with members of the Nationwide Symphony Orchestra performed renditions of among the icon’s ballad songs together with “El Triste”. Artists from Mexico’s the Opera Studio of Nice Arts and the Saloma Quartet additionally honored the singer’s musical legacy throughout the ceremony.^[79] One of many surprises of the day was the go to of Emmanuel. Dulce and Lucia Mendez arrived collectively on the tribute, the place in addition they stood guard for the coffin. Jorge Ortiz de Pinedo, was one other of the individuals invited to say goodbye to the prince of the track. The ashes have been then taken to the Basilica of Our Girl of Guadalupe for a mass, after the household led a funeral procession by the singer’s former neighborhood. The ashes have been interred on the Panteón Francés de San Joaquín situated in Mexico Metropolis.

Artistry and picture

Statue of José within the Parque de la China situated in Clavería, Azcapotzalco, the place he was born (left), the statue adorned with flowers after his demise in September 2019 (proper)

José grew up listening to conventional pop music, rock and roll, jazz, swing, and large band. He listened to performers comparable to Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, Johnny Mathis and such common Mexican composers as Consuelo Velázquez and María Grever. He was later impressed by vocalist Barbra Streisand, whom he thought-about an affect.^[3] The son of an operatic tenor and a pianist, he grew up listening to composers comparable to Chopin and Mozart, however by no means obtained the possibility to play classical music. In his teenagers, José discovered to play music from high Mexican jazz gamers and is acknowledged for enjoying a number of devices, such because the piano, bass, guitar and double bass. Due to his phrasing skill, he was as soon as described as “a singer who sings as a musician”. His musical preferences have been classical musicians comparable to Ravel, Debussy and Musorgsky, jazz, and bossa nova.^[80]

Vocals

In line with his autobiography, Ésta es mi vida, vocal coach Guido Picco described José José as a lightweight lyric tenor.^[81] José labored for durations with coach Seth Riggs, who later highlighted his vocal skills.^[82] Over time, his voice and vocal type modified noticeably, being his prime the early Seventies. Inheriting the singing qualities of his father, he was capable of attain excessive and low notes simply with a virtually flawless intonation.^[83] His stay efficiency of “El Triste” in 1970 has been broadly praised by many critics for its approach and depth. His respiratory approach allowed him to maintain lengthy and clear notes.^[83]

After recording the track “El Triste” for the 2010 album Iconos, singer Marc Anthony stated, “when you begin to sing it you understand the magnitude, of that spectacular voice and particular phrasing of José José and his unbelievable option to carry out”.^[84] On the Latin VH1 present Las 100 grandiosas canciones de los Nineteen Eighties en español (The 100 Best Spanish Songs of the Nineteen Eighties), singer Diego Verdaguer stated: “If as we speak he might sing, he could be the best of Latin America.” In a 2018 interview, singer Lupita D’Alessio acknowledged “[José] is an icon, the grasp, the creator of phrasing, he is obtained a approach of phrasing that there won’t be one other, for me, he’s the best singer ever, with the pardon of Luis Miguel”. D’Alessio additionally highlighted his approach to breathe and maintain lengthy notes.^[85]

Legacy

The music of José José is broadly identified within the Hispanic neighborhood.^[86] Many artists have acknowledged José as an affect, together with Cristian Castro,^[87] Vicente Fernández,^[88] Alejandro Fernández,^[89] Nelson Ned, Pepe Aguilar, Kalimba, Erik Rubin, Manuel Mijares,^[90] Lupita D’Alessio, Diego Verdaguer, Reyli, Chayanne and Marc Anthony.^[91]

In 1997, José was inducted into Billboard Latin Music Corridor of Fame.^[92] He acquired the Billboard Latin Music Lifetime Achievement Award in 2013.^[93]

In 2002, José José was awarded the Excellence Award on the 14th Annual Lo Nuestro Awards and was inducted into the Worldwide Latin Music Corridor of Fame.^[94][95] In 2004, he acquired the Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.^[96] A yr later he acquired the Personalidad del Año (Particular person of the 12 months) by the Latin Recording Academy.^[97]

In 2006, Televisa produced a TV homage to José José in Acapulco, the place singers comparable to Manoella Torres, Francisco Céspedes, and Gualberto Castro carried out a number of of his best hits stay.

In July 2008, Univision and the Latin Grammy recorded a particular TV tribute in Miami to José José, known as Latin Grammy Celebra: José José (Latin Grammy Celebrates: José José) on the BankUnited Middle. Stars comparable to Marco Antonio Solís, Ana Bárbara, Alicia Villarreal, Olga Tañon, Luis Fonsi, David Bisbal, and Aventura carried out a few of his best hits stay. Stars comparable to Plácido Domingo, Ricky Martin, Enrique Iglesias, Pepe Aguilar, Pedro Fernández, and RBD, confirmed their admiration with messages and greetings.^[99] Univision described José José as “One of the vital beloved singers in Latin music.”^[100]

In 2007, a bronze statue was unveiled in his honor within the Azcapotzalco space in Mexico Metropolis, the place he grew up.^[101] He was honored by the Las Vegas Stroll of Stars with a star star and a e-book signing on the Rio in Las Vegas on 20 November 2008.^[102]

José Jose’s star within the Hollywood Stroll of Fame

In February 2004, for his contribution to the recording trade, José José acquired a star on the Hollywood Stroll of Fame at 7036 Hollywood Blvd.^[103][104] He was posthumously given the Dwelling Legend Award by the Latin Songwriters Corridor of Fame in 2019.^[105]

Tributes

Latin rock and hip hop artists comparable to Molotov, Jumbo, Julieta Venegas, Beto Cuevas, and Aleks Syntek recorded a tribute album in 1998 known as Volcán: Tributo a José José (Volcán: Tribute to José José). Every artist recorded certainly one of José’s classics comparable to “Lo Dudo”, “El Triste”, or “Volcán” in a particular vogue. It offered over 500,000 models. Fifteen years after its launch, in November 2013, a follow-up to Volcán: Tributo a José José was launched beneath the title Un Tributo 2, that includes performers comparable to Natalia Lafourcade, Moderatto, Los Claxons, Carla Morrison, and Panteón Rococó.^{[citation needed]}

On 30 November 2010, Mexican singer Cristian Castro launched Viva el Principe (Lengthy Stay the Prince) which features a digital duet with José José on “Lo Pasado, Pasado” and a poem recited by him. Within the poem, José conveys that the singer can’t stay if he can’t sing (“Ya no podrá vivir, si ya no canta”); an allusion to shedding his singing voice.^[106] Rafael Pérez-Botija was concerned within the manufacturing of the album. The success of Viva el Principe helped revive Castro’s profession.^[15] Castro launched one other tribute album to José José titled Mi Amigo El Príncipe (My pal the Prince).^[107][108]

In 2009, Kalimba recorded an album, Amar y Querer: Homenaje A Las Grandes Canciones (Love and Want: A Tribute to the Nice Songs), which featured among the most iconic Latin ballads, amongst them: “Amar y querer”, “Desesperado”, “Volcán”, and “El Triste”.^[109]

On 25 October 2019, 100,000 individuals paid homage to José throughout a rainstorm within the Zócalo of Mexico Metropolis.^[110]

Filmography

José in 2012

Discography